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Who still remembers the woman on the 500 Mark bill, and if they do, who is even familiar with this outstanding "female person" of the 17th century? Maria Sibylla Merian. She was the daughter of Matthäus Merian, Germany's most famous topographer and etcher to this day, whose art she learned about only in a roundabout way, since he died when she was 3 years old. Born in 1747, she belonged to the post-traumatic society of the Thirty Years' War. Her family environment was distinctly European. Her father was from Basel, her stepsiblings' mother from Flanders, her own mother from Wallonia, and her stepfather, the flower painter Jacob Marrel, from the Netherlands. She was highly talented, but she had no interest in the work of her stepbrothers, who continued to publish cityscapes and battle scenes in Frankfurt. She obviously loved nature, especially flowers, and her painterly sketches and especially her etchings, still today, as with her father mistakenly called copper engravings, found and still find great interest.
But this would probably not have been enough to classify her as an exceptional person. During her artistic activity, which showed an early maturity, she developed into an early representative of biological research and at the same time lived a life, even for today's understanding, open and almost novelistic. Where exactly her interest in nature came from can only be guessed. In any case, her most important teacher was Jacob Marrel, a student of Georg Flegel, who is considered today to be the real founder of still-life painting. She married Johann Andreas Graff, a pupil of her stepfather, and moved with him to Nuremberg. There she came to the attention of Joachim Sandrart, the German Vasari. However, the marriage with Graff showed modern traits, which finally ended after a war of roses. Whether this already happened under the influence of the early Pietestist sectarians of the Labadists remains open. A woman as an independent art entrepreneur. In any case, in 1686 she moved to Nieuwerd Castle in the Netherlands into a Purisite community that today would be called a religious commune. However, the climate of the community became so radicalized that she moved to "unholy" Amsterdam in 1791. Her book editions were well respected, but due to the high cost and low circulation, she was forced to engage in sideline activities, such as teaching painting to women. Women and art remained a taboo subject until the end of the 19th century, which even Maria Sibylla could not change.
She was able to stabilize her economic situation to such an extent that she was able to start an expedition for science and art, her journey to Dutch Surinam, an adventure even for men at that time. After selling almost all her possessions, the already over 50-year-old embarked with her younger daughter to Suriname against all well-meaning recommendations. Her two years of research were followed by the publication of her magnum opus, the "Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium", the fundamental book on the evolution of butterflies. With this early scientific natural research, she became the founder of butterfly science (lepidopterology). The natural scientists of the 19th century reviled her scientific image, but the founder of modern nomenclature in biology, Carl von Linné, appreciated her work. Unaffected by scientific debates, however, is one insight. Her depictions of plants, butterflies, and flowers remain unmatched.
Who still remembers the woman on the 500 Mark bill, and if they do, who is even familiar with this outstanding "female person" of the 17th century? Maria Sibylla Merian. She was the daughter of Matthäus Merian, Germany's most famous topographer and etcher to this day, whose art she learned about only in a roundabout way, since he died when she was 3 years old. Born in 1747, she belonged to the post-traumatic society of the Thirty Years' War. Her family environment was distinctly European. Her father was from Basel, her stepsiblings' mother from Flanders, her own mother from Wallonia, and her stepfather, the flower painter Jacob Marrel, from the Netherlands. She was highly talented, but she had no interest in the work of her stepbrothers, who continued to publish cityscapes and battle scenes in Frankfurt. She obviously loved nature, especially flowers, and her painterly sketches and especially her etchings, still today, as with her father mistakenly called copper engravings, found and still find great interest.
But this would probably not have been enough to classify her as an exceptional person. During her artistic activity, which showed an early maturity, she developed into an early representative of biological research and at the same time lived a life, even for today's understanding, open and almost novelistic. Where exactly her interest in nature came from can only be guessed. In any case, her most important teacher was Jacob Marrel, a student of Georg Flegel, who is considered today to be the real founder of still-life painting. She married Johann Andreas Graff, a pupil of her stepfather, and moved with him to Nuremberg. There she came to the attention of Joachim Sandrart, the German Vasari. However, the marriage with Graff showed modern traits, which finally ended after a war of roses. Whether this already happened under the influence of the early Pietestist sectarians of the Labadists remains open. A woman as an independent art entrepreneur. In any case, in 1686 she moved to Nieuwerd Castle in the Netherlands into a Purisite community that today would be called a religious commune. However, the climate of the community became so radicalized that she moved to "unholy" Amsterdam in 1791. Her book editions were well respected, but due to the high cost and low circulation, she was forced to engage in sideline activities, such as teaching painting to women. Women and art remained a taboo subject until the end of the 19th century, which even Maria Sibylla could not change.
She was able to stabilize her economic situation to such an extent that she was able to start an expedition for science and art, her journey to Dutch Surinam, an adventure even for men at that time. After selling almost all her possessions, the already over 50-year-old embarked with her younger daughter to Suriname against all well-meaning recommendations. Her two years of research were followed by the publication of her magnum opus, the "Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium", the fundamental book on the evolution of butterflies. With this early scientific natural research, she became the founder of butterfly science (lepidopterology). The natural scientists of the 19th century reviled her scientific image, but the founder of modern nomenclature in biology, Carl von Linné, appreciated her work. Unaffected by scientific debates, however, is one insight. Her depictions of plants, butterflies, and flowers remain unmatched.